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In ancient Roman religion, Fauna is a goddess said in differing ancient sources to be the wife, sister, or daughter of Faunus (the Roman counterpart of Pan).〔Joseph Clyde Murley, ''The Cults of Cisalpine Gaul'' (Banta, 1922), p. 28 (noting that Fauna appears in no inscriptions in Cisalpine Gaul)〕 Varro regarded her as the female counterpart of Faunus, and said that the ''fauni'' all had prophetic powers. She is also called Fatua or Fenta Fauna. ==Names== Varro explained the role of Faunus and Fauna as prophetic deities:
Servius identifies Faunus with Fatuclus, and says his wife is Fatua or Fauna, deriving the names as Varro did from ''fari'', "to speak," "because they can foretell the future."〔Servius, note to ''Aeneid'' 7.47; see also note to 7.81 and 8.314.〕 The early Christian author Lactantius called her ''Fenta Fauna'' and said that she was both the sister and wife of Faunus; according to Lactantius, Fatua sang the ''fata'', "fates," to women as Faunus did to men.〔Lactantius, ''Institutiones'' I 22, 9, citing Gavius Bassus.〕 Justin said that Fatua, the wife of Faunus, "being filled with divine spirit assiduously predicted future events as if in a madness ''(furor)''," and thus the verb for divinely inspired speech is ''fatuari''.〔Justin, 43.1.8.〕 While several etymologists in antiquity derived the names ''Fauna'' and ''Faunus'' from ''fari'', "to speak," Macrobius said Fauna's name derived from ''faveo, favere'', "to favor, nurture," "because she nurtures all that is useful to living creatures."〔''Quod omni usui animantium favet'': Macrobius, ''Saturnalia'' 1.12.21–22, Loeb Classical Library translation, Robert A. Kaster, ''Macrobius. Saturnalia Books 1–2'' (Harvard University Press, 2011), p. 147, note 253.〕 Dumézil regarded her as "the Favorable."〔Georges Dumézil, ''Camillus: A Study of Indo-European Religion as Roman History'' (University of California Press, 1980), p. 208.〕 According to Macrobius, the Books of the Pontiffs ''(pontificum libri)'' treated Bona Dea, Fauna, Ops, and Fatua as names for the same goddess, Maia. In his conceptual approach to Roman deity, Michael Lipka sees Faunus and Fauna as an example of a characteristically Roman tendency to form gender-complementary pairs within a sphere of functionality. The male-female figures never have equal prominence, and one partner (not always the female) seems to have been modeled on the other.〔Michael Lipka, ''Roman Gods: A Conceptual Approach'' (Brill, 2009), pp. 141–142〕 An Oscan dedication naming ''Fatuveís'' (= ''Fatui'', genitive singular), found at Aeclanum in Irpinia, indicates that the concept is Italic.〔E. Vetter ''Handbuch der italischen Dialekte'' Heidelberg 1953 p. 114 n. 165; J. Champeaux "Sortes et divination inspirée. Pour une préhistoire des oracles italiques" in ''Mélanges de l' Ecole Française de Rome. Antiquité'' 102 2 1990 p. 824 and n. 52.〕 Fauna has also been dismissed as merely "an artificial construction of scholarly casuistics."〔Robert Schilling, "Roman Gods," ''Roman and European Mythologies'' (University of Chicago Press, 1992, from the French edition of 1981), p. 70.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fauna (deity)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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